Revisión del potencial de los residuos orgánicos y textiles como sustrato en humedales artificiales
Review of the potential of organic and textile waste as substrates in constructed wetlands
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56643/rcia.v5i1.250Palabras clave:
Desarrollo sustentable, Medio ambiente, Recursos naturales, Humedales artificiales, SustratoResumen
El uso de residuos textiles y orgánicos como materiales alternativos a emplear como sustrato en humedales artificiales (ha) se ha convertido en una tendencia sustentable para el tratamiento descentralizado de aguas residuales. A través de una revisión sistemática de la literatura, se analizaron 49 artículos científicos publicados entre 2010 y 2024, los cuales se obtuvieron de las bases de datos Scopus y Web of Science. El análisis se enfocó en identificar los residuos utilizados, sus características y la eficiencia de remoción. Los resultados revelan un creciente interés en el uso de materiales no convencionales, especialmente cáscaras, aserrín, bagazo y olote, así como de otros desechos orgánicos, entre ellos, compost o lodos estabilizados, sin destacar el uso de textiles debido a sus diferentes implicaciones. Estos materiales mostraron una adecuada porosidad, capacidad de adsorción y compatibilidad con el crecimiento vegetal y el desarrollo de comunidades microbianas. Como resultado, encontramos que estos sustratos alcanzaron eficiencias de remoción de 80-85% de demanda biológica de oxígeno (dbo5), 70-80% de demanda química de oxígeno (dqo), 82-95% de nitrógeno y 80-85% de fósforo, comparables e incluso superiores a las logradas con materiales tradicionales como grava, arena o tezontle. En conclusión, su beneficio no sólo involucra la remoción de contaminantes sino también la disminución de costos en la construcción de ha y el fortalecimiento de estrategias de economía circular.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Diego Domínguez Solís, María Concepción Martínez-Rodríguez, H´éctor Guadalupe Ramírez-Escamilla
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